We analyze the effects of dissipation in a charged oscillator in the presence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect by using time-dependent mass (m(t)) Hamiltonians. We consider two different models for the dissipative Hamiltonian and analyze the uncertainties (Δr and Δp) and the quantum mechanical expectation value of energy (⟨E⟩) in terms of time (t), damping parameters and flux parameter (v). For the Caldirola-Kanai model, we observe that the flux parameter v decreases the energy dissipation in a quantum dot for a certain range of t.

Investigamos o emaranhamento para o estado fundamental de duas partículas sem spin, carregadas e harmonicamente acopladas em uma armadilha de Penning. Encontramos uma expressão analítica para a entropia linear, L, e analisamos o grau de emaranhamento em função da variação da constante de acoplamento e dos parâmetros da armadilha de Penning. Os resultados mostram uma competição entre o acoplamento das partículas e os parâmetros da armadilha. Relacionamos os resultados com a incerteza na posição das partículas.

We investigate the entanglement-related features of the ground state of two spinless charged particles harmonically coupled in a Penning trap. We find an analytical expression for the linear entropy, L, and analyze the entanglement properties of the ground state as the trap parameters and coupling constant changes. The results show a competition between the coupling constant and trap parameters and can also be related to the uncertainty in the position of the particles.

Neste trabalho investigamos as soluções da equação de Schrödinger de osciladores com massa dependente da posição utilizando o método algébrico de operadores escada e uma transformação canônica de ponto. Os resultados são ilustrados para um sistema onde m(x) ∝ x2. De posse das funções de onda, calculamos a informação de Fisher e a entropia de Shannon para a posição e momentum de uma partícula no estado fundamental deste sistema.

In this work we investigate the solutions of the Schrödinger equation of position-dependent mass oscillators by employing the algebraic method of ladder operators and a point canonical transformation. The results are illustrated for a system where m(x) ∝ x2. From the wave functions, we calculate the Fisher information and Shannon entropy in the position and momentum for a particle in the ground state of this system.

Abstract Inhibitors are widely used to prevent corrosion in cooling-water systems, and their protective performance can be enhanced by combination. The aim of this paper is to identify possible synergistic effects between four low toxicity substances used as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in industrial cooling-water systems. Electrochemical measurements were obtained following a design of experiments (DOE) where the independent variables were the inhibitors concentrations and the response variable the charge transfer resistance estimated from impedance diagrams. Potentiodynamic polarization curves show that all of them act as anodic corrosion inhibitors. Among the tested formulations, only the interaction between sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate showed statistically significant effects, indicating that they can perform better when used together. The results of this work show the importance of using a statistical tool when designing inhibitor mixtures.

Neste trabalho estudamos osciladores clássicos com massa dependente da posição (OMDP). A correspondência entre as soluções do OMDP e do oscilador com massa constante (OMC) é obtida através do método de fatoração do hamiltoniano. Os resultados são ilustrados para o sistema com m(x) = m0(x² + a²), onde analisamos as trajetórias no espaço de fase.

In this work we study from the classical point of view the position-dependent mass (PDM) oscillators. The correspondence between the solutions of the PDM and the constant mass (CM) oscillator is obtained by means of the factorization of the Hamiltonian. The results are illustrated by considering the system with m(x) = m0(x² + a²), where we analyze its phase space trajectories.

Neste trabalho analisamos as soluções para a equação de movimento para os osciladores de Lane-Emden, onde a massa é dada por m(t) = m0 tα , com α > 0. Os osciladores de Lane-Emden são osciladores harmônicos amortecidos, onde o fator de amortecimento depende do tempo, γ(t) = = <img src="/img/revistas/rbef/v35n4/a11img01.jpg" width="15" height="16" align="absmiddle" />. Obtivemos as expressões analíticas de x(t), <img src="/img/revistas/rbef/v35n4/x_ponto.jpg" width="13" height="12" align="baseline" />(t) = v(t), e p(t) = m(t)<img src="/img/revistas/rbef/v35n4/x_ponto.jpg" width="12" height="14" align="baseline" /> para α = 2 e α = 4. Discutimos as diferenças entre as expressões da hamiltoniana e da energia para sistemas dependentes do tempo. Também, comparamos nossos resultados com aqueles do oscilador de Caldirola-Kanai.

In this work we analyze the solutions of the equations of motions of Lane-Emden oscillators, which are associated with a mass m(t) = m0tα , α > 0. These systems are damped harmonic oscillators with a time-dependent damping coefficient, γ(t) = <img src="/img/revistas/rbef/v35n4/a11img01.jpg" width="17" height="15" align="absmiddle" /> We obtain analytical expression for x(t), <img src="/img/revistas/rbef/v35n4/x_ponto.jpg" width="12" height="12" align="baseline" />(t) = v(t), e p(t) = m(t)<img src="/img/revistas/rbef/v35n4/x_ponto.jpg" width="12" height="12" align="baseline" /> for α = 2 and α = 4. We discuss the differences between the expressions for the Hamiltonian and the mechanical energy for time-dependent systems. We also compared our findings with the results for the well-known Caldirola-Kanai oscillators.

Melaleuca alternifolia tem como produto principal o óleo essencial extraído das folhas devido às propriedades antifúngicas e antibacterianas. Pouco se tem relatado sobre a propagação desta espécie, sendo a miniestaquia uma alternativa para a propagação vegetativa de clones superiores visando à implantação de campo de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos, concentrações de AIB, e tipo de miniestaca, no enraizamento de Melaleuca alternifolia. No primeiro experimento foram testados os substratos, areia de granulometria média, Plantmax HT®, Golden-Mix® e vermiculita. No segundo experimento foram avaliadas diferentes concentrações de AIB (0, 500, 1000 e 2000 mg L-1), em dois tipos de miniestacas (apical e mediana). As miniestacas foram confeccionadas com 5 cm de comprimento, mantidas em casa de vegetação com nebulização intermitente, e, após 45 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as porcentagens de miniestacas enraizadas, com calos e não responsivas, o número de raízes formadas por miniestaca e o comprimento das três maiores raízes (cm). O substrato Golden-Mix® e as miniestacas coletadas da porção apical do ramo submetidas ao tratamento com 500 mg L-1 de AIB apresentaram maior porcentagem de enraizamento e melhor qualidade do sistema radicial.

Melaleuca alternifolia has as major product the essential oil extracted from its leaves due to its antifungal and antibacterial properties. There are scarce reports about the propagation of this species, and minicutting is an alternative for vegetative propagation of superior clones in order to establish a production field. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different substrates, IBA levels and types of minicuttings on the rooting of Melaleuca alternifolia. In the first experiment, the following substrates were tested: medium sand, Plantmax HT®, Golden-Mix® and vermiculite. In the second experiment, different IBA levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg L-1) were tested for two minicutting types (apical and medium). Minicuttings were prepared with 5 cm length and were kept in a greenhouse with intermittent mist; then, at 45 days after planting, we evaluated: the percentages of rooted minicuttings, with callus and non-responsive, the number of roots per minicutting and the length of the three longest roots. The substrate Golden-Mix® and the minicuttings collected from the apical part of the branch and treated with 500 mg L-1 IBA presented the largest rooting percentage and the best root system quality.

Polarized first-order Raman scattering studies at 300 K were carried out in L-asparagine monohydrate crystal in order to obtain the general assignment of its phonon spectra. A careful analysis of the vibrational spectra shows that the assignment of the fundamental vibrational modes can be done on the basis of amino, carboxilic and water groups vibrations, and correlations with previous data reported for other amino acids. However, some vibrations were correctly assigned from the study of its temperature - dependence behavior performed in the range 10 - 300 K. The assignment proposed cofirm the zwitterionic structure of L-asparagine monohydrate crystal.

Cubic Y zeolite were successfully synthesized using microwave heating for 18 - 25 min, whereas 10 - 50 h are required by hydrothermal heating technique depending upon the lattice Si/Al ratio. To this end, we used a commercial microwave oven modified in order to provide pulsed microwave pumping on the synthesis mixtures. The obtained samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area and infrared spectroscopy measurements. As a result, we verify that Y zeolite samples obtained from hydrogels containing low aluminum contents, present a good degree of crystallinity and then can be suitable for using in adsorption and catalysis experiments.

Polarized Raman and infrared espectra of l-threonine crystals have been obtained at room temperature and an assignment of normal modes is proposed based on group theory analysis. The usefulness of these assignments comes from the fact that some modes are related to important vibrations that can show changes under different pressure and temperature conditions.